mojo3d Physics Samples

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Just posting some simple mojo3d samples using Bullet physics. Feel free to add more!

My first two samples just implement a basic wrapper called PhysBox, specific to cube bodies.

Example 1: Simple box with vertical boost and spin

Monkey

' Simple box with vertical boost... #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>" Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d.. Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 10 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 5 Class PhysBox Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1) ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material) End Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True) collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End ' Main Game class... Class Game Extends Window ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox ' Player box... Field player:PhysBox ' Changeable ground and player sizes... Field ground_size:Float = 7.5 Field player_size:Float = 1.0 ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags) Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (player_size, ground_size) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameters = player size, ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (player_size:Float, ground_size:Float) ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () cam = New Camera light = New Light ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) player = New PhysBox (player_size, player_size, player_size, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Silver)) scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75 ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -12.5) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000 light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... cam.PointAt (player.model) light.PointAt (ground.model) ' Position player (see method StartPos () below for explanation)... player.Move (0, StartPos (), 0) ' Start physics... ground.Start () ' Sleep by default player.Start (False) ' Never sleep End ' Helper, sets player start position... Method StartPos:Float () ' Returns start position: half player size plus half ground height... Return (player_size * 0.5) + 0.5 End Method Boost (pb:PhysBox, force:Float = 0.25) ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) End Method Spin (pb:PhysBox, torque:Float = 0.01) Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (torque, torque, torque) pb.body.ApplyTorqueImpulse (vec) End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... Method BoxLost:Bool (pb:PhysBox) If pb.model.Y < -10 pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75 ' Return True when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 Return True Endif Endif Return False End Method UpdateGame () cam.PointAt (player.model) ' Check box position/reset if too far down or R key hit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) Or BoxLost (player) player.model.Destroy () player = New PhysBox (player_size, player_size, player_size, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Silver)) player.Move (0, StartPos (), 0) player.Start (False) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) Boost (player) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Enter) Spin (player, -0.01) ' Give bias towards camera! Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = Color.White canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost player", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "ENTER to spin player while in air", 20.0, 100.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to reset player", 20.0, 120.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT! scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

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' Simple box with vertical boost...   #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>"   Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d..   Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 10 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 5   Class PhysBox   Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body   Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1)   ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material)   End   Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True)   collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End   Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End   ' Main Game class...   Class Game Extends Window   ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox   ' Player box...   Field player:PhysBox   ' Changeable ground and player sizes... Field ground_size:Float = 7.5 Field player_size:Float = 1.0 ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags)   Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window   SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (player_size, ground_size) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameters = player size, ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (player_size:Float, ground_size:Float)   ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () cam = New Camera light = New Light   ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) player = New PhysBox (player_size, player_size, player_size, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Silver)) scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75   ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -12.5) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000   light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... cam.PointAt (player.model) light.PointAt (ground.model)   ' Position player (see method StartPos () below for explanation)... player.Move (0, StartPos (), 0) ' Start physics... ground.Start () ' Sleep by default player.Start (False) ' Never sleep End   ' Helper, sets player start position... Method StartPos:Float () ' Returns start position: half player size plus half ground height... Return (player_size * 0.5) + 0.5 End Method Boost (pb:PhysBox, force:Float = 0.25)   ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) End Method Spin (pb:PhysBox, torque:Float = 0.01) Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (torque, torque, torque) pb.body.ApplyTorqueImpulse (vec) End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... Method BoxLost:Bool (pb:PhysBox)   If pb.model.Y < -10   pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75   ' Return True when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 Return True Endif   Endif   Return False End   Method UpdateGame () cam.PointAt (player.model)   ' Check box position/reset if too far down or R key hit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) Or BoxLost (player) player.model.Destroy () player = New PhysBox (player_size, player_size, player_size, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Silver)) player.Move (0, StartPos (), 0) player.Start (False) Endif   If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) Boost (player) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Enter) Spin (player, -0.01) ' Give bias towards camera! Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = Color.White canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End   Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost player", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "ENTER to spin player while in air", 20.0, 100.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to reset player", 20.0, 120.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT!   scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End   Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Example 2: Wall of boxes

Monkey

' Wall of boxes... #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>" Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d.. Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 10 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 5 Class PhysBox Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1) ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material) End Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True) collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End ' Main Game class... Class Game Extends Window ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 4.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field cam_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox> ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags) Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (15) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100) ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) cam = New Camera light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75 ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -15) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000 light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... cam.PointAt (ground.model) light.PointAt (ground.model) ' Create list of PhysBoxes... boxes = New List <PhysBox> ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int) ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (color)) ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width / 2.0), y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start (False) ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next End Method DropBox () ' Drops red boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red)) pb.Move (0, 50, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End Method BumpWall (force:Float = 0.25) ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) Next End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... Method UpdateBoxes () For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes If pb.model.Y < -20 pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75 ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif Endif Next End Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () ' Drop red boxes into scene... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Give wall of boxes a bump! If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) BumpWall () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) cam_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else cam_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = Color.White canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 100.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost boxes", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes into scene", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 200.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT! scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

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' Wall of boxes...   #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>"   Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d..   Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 10 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 5   Class PhysBox   Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body   Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1)   ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material)   End   Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True)   collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End   Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End   ' Main Game class...   Class Game Extends Window   ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 4.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field cam_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox   ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox>   ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags)   Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window   SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (15) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100)   ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) cam = New Camera light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75   ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -15) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000   light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... cam.PointAt (ground.model) light.PointAt (ground.model)   ' Create list of PhysBoxes...   boxes = New List <PhysBox>   ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End   Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int)   ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (color)) ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width / 2.0), y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start (False) ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next   End   Method DropBox ()   ' Drops red boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red)) pb.Move (0, 50, 0)   boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start ()   End Method BumpWall (force:Float = 0.25)   ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) Next End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... Method UpdateBoxes ()   For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes   If pb.model.Y < -20   pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75   ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif   Endif   Next   End   Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () ' Drop red boxes into scene... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Give wall of boxes a bump! If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) BumpWall () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) cam_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else cam_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = Color.White canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End   Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 100.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost boxes", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes into scene", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 200.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT!   scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End   Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Try turning off shadows in second demo if lots of boxes cause slowdown on your system!

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Make boxes bouncy by adding this in PhysBox.Start:

Monkey

' Try 0.25 to 0.95. Lower may have no effect, while anything > 0.5 just keeps bouncing around. Over 1.0 is... interesting (try 1.1 and wait a few seconds!) ' Effects are likely dependent on mass, too, so play with that in New PhysBox, defaults to 1.0 above... body.Restitution = 0.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

' Try 0.25 to 0.95. Lower may have no effect, while anything > 0.5 just keeps bouncing around. Over 1.0 is... interesting (try 1.1 and wait a few seconds!)   ' Effects are likely dependent on mass, too, so play with that in New PhysBox, defaults to 1.0 above...   body.Restitution = 0.5

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Also, note that red boxes dropped via “D” in wall sample may stop responding when Space is pressed — this is intentional, and is the default behaviour of RigidBody — bodies well away from others will auto-sleep until hit again to reduce processing.

Pass False to Start () call in DropBoxes to disable sleeping!

[coconParticipant]

Cool samples!

[XaronParticipant]

Very cool stuff, thanks for adding!

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Thanks, hopefully it might help others start playing with this stuff!

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

This sample adds a lintel or “top bit” to the wall, and finally adds shooting via Space bar!

Demonstrates how to orientate a bullet from the camera (or gun) and apply impulse force.

Code’s getting a bit messy, but hey-ho.

Example 3: Wall of boxes and SHOOTING ACTION!

Monkey

'Wall of boxes and SHOOTING ACTION! #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>" Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d.. Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 15 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 10 Const BULLET_FORCE:Float = 250.0 ' Too high will go through without colliding! Class PhysBox Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, parent:Entity = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1) ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material, parent) End Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True) collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask body.Restitution = 0.1 ' Slight bounciness ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End Class Entity Extension ' Temp workaround for child-entity.PointAt by DoctorWhoof! ' https://github.com/blitz-research/monkey2/issues/324 Method WorldPointAt( target:Vec3f,up:Vec3f=New Vec3f( 0,1,0 ) ) Local k:=(target-Position).Normalize() Local i:=up.Cross( k ).Normalize() Local j:=k.Cross( i ) Basis=New Mat3f( i,j,k ) End ' Temp workaround for removing parent entities, by Mark: ' http://monkeycoder.co.nz/forums/topic/mojo3d-set-to-default-parent/#post-12911 Method RemoveParent () Local matrix:AffineMat4f = Matrix Parent = Null Matrix = matrix End End ' Main Game class... Class Game Extends Window ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 5.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field camera_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field camera:Camera Field light:Light Field cam_piv:Model Field camera_collider:SphereCollider Field camera_body:RigidBody ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox> ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags) Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (50) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100) ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) ' Camera pivot... cam_piv = New Model camera = New Camera (cam_piv) light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75 ' Camera setup... camera.FOV = 100 cam_piv.Move (0, 5, -10) camera.Near = 0.01 camera.Far = 1000 ' Camera collision with boxes. Not with ground? Both masses = 0, possibly relevant... ' NB. camera radius is half width of default block (1.0), minus a little to allow passing between columns of blocks... camera_collider = New SphereCollider (cam_piv) camera_collider.Radius = 0.45 camera_body = New RigidBody (cam_piv) camera_body.Kinematic = True camera_body.Mass = 0 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000 light.Move (-10, 50, -10) ' Point things at ground centre... ' camera.WorldPointAt (ground.model.Position) light.PointAt (ground.model) ' Create list of PhysBoxes... boxes = New List <PhysBox> ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int, block_mass:Float = 5.0) Local pb:PhysBox ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... pb = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, block_mass, New PbrMaterial (color)) ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width * 0.5) + 0.5, y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start (False) ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next ' Lintel, or "top bit"... pb = New PhysBox (width, 1, 1, width * height * 1.0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Chromium)) pb.Move (0, height + 1, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End Method DropBox () ' Drops pink boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.HotPink)) pb.Move (0, 30, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End ' Fire bullets! Method ShootBox (force:Float = BULLET_FORCE) ' Create bullet -- mass 5.0 -- as child of ' camera, to pick up location/rotation... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 5, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red), camera) ' Move forward in local (child) space by 2 units... pb.model.Move (0.0, 0.0, 2.0) ' Get rid of parent/child relationship so bullet isn't ' attached to camera any more... pb.model.RemoveParent () ' Add to list of PhysBoxes... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start physics... pb.Start () ' Apply force (as impulse, ie. instantly)... ' Method carefully derived from typing properties and methods until it worked! ' World vector multiplied by 1 in all axes other than z, which is multiplied by force... pb.body.ApplyImpulse (pb.model.Basis * New Vec3f (1.0, 1.0, force)) End Method UpdateBoxes () For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes If pb.model.Y < -20 pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75 ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif Endif Next End Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Space) ShootBox () Endif ' Drop boxes... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) camera_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else camera_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam_piv.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * camera_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam_piv.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * camera_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam_piv.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam_piv.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam_piv.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam_piv.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float, warning:Bool = False) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) If warning canvas.Color = Color.Red Else canvas.Color = Color.White Endif canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to fire", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 200.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT! scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

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'Wall of boxes and SHOOTING ACTION!   #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>"   Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d..   Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 15 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 10   Const BULLET_FORCE:Float = 250.0 ' Too high will go through without colliding!   Class PhysBox   Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' Public references...   Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body   Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, parent:Entity = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1)   ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material material = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material, parent)   End   Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True)   collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask   body.Restitution = 0.1 ' Slight bounciness ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End   Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End   Class Entity Extension ' Temp workaround for child-entity.PointAt by DoctorWhoof! ' https://github.com/blitz-research/monkey2/issues/324 Method WorldPointAt( target:Vec3f,up:Vec3f=New Vec3f( 0,1,0 ) ) Local k:=(target-Position).Normalize() Local i:=up.Cross( k ).Normalize() Local j:=k.Cross( i ) Basis=New Mat3f( i,j,k ) End   ' Temp workaround for removing parent entities, by Mark:   ' http://monkeycoder.co.nz/forums/topic/mojo3d-set-to-default-parent/#post-12911 Method RemoveParent () Local matrix:AffineMat4f = Matrix Parent = Null Matrix = matrix End End   ' Main Game class...   Class Game Extends Window   ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 5.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field camera_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references...   Field scene:Scene Field camera:Camera Field light:Light Field cam_piv:Model Field camera_collider:SphereCollider Field camera_body:RigidBody ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox   ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox>   ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags)   Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window   SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (50) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100)   ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent ()   ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) ' Camera pivot... cam_piv = New Model camera = New Camera (cam_piv) light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75   ' Camera setup... camera.FOV = 100 cam_piv.Move (0, 5, -10) camera.Near = 0.01 camera.Far = 1000   ' Camera collision with boxes. Not with ground? Both masses = 0, possibly relevant... ' NB. camera radius is half width of default block (1.0), minus a little to allow passing between columns of blocks... camera_collider = New SphereCollider (cam_piv) camera_collider.Radius = 0.45 camera_body = New RigidBody (cam_piv) camera_body.Kinematic = True camera_body.Mass = 0 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000   light.Move (-10, 50, -10) ' Point things at ground centre... ' camera.WorldPointAt (ground.model.Position) light.PointAt (ground.model)   ' Create list of PhysBoxes...   boxes = New List <PhysBox>   ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End   Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int, block_mass:Float = 5.0)   Local pb:PhysBox   ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... pb = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, block_mass, New PbrMaterial (color)) ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width * 0.5) + 0.5, y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start (False) ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next   ' Lintel, or "top bit"... pb = New PhysBox (width, 1, 1, width * height * 1.0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Chromium)) pb.Move (0, height + 1, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End   Method DropBox ()   ' Drops pink boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.HotPink)) pb.Move (0, 30, 0)   boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start ()   End ' Fire bullets! Method ShootBox (force:Float = BULLET_FORCE) ' Create bullet -- mass 5.0 -- as child of ' camera, to pick up location/rotation... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 5, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red), camera)   ' Move forward in local (child) space by 2 units... pb.model.Move (0.0, 0.0, 2.0) ' Get rid of parent/child relationship so bullet isn't ' attached to camera any more... pb.model.RemoveParent () ' Add to list of PhysBoxes... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start physics... pb.Start () ' Apply force (as impulse, ie. instantly)... ' Method carefully derived from typing properties and methods until it worked! ' World vector multiplied by 1 in all axes other than z, which is multiplied by force... pb.body.ApplyImpulse (pb.model.Basis * New Vec3f (1.0, 1.0, force)) End Method UpdateBoxes ()   For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes   If pb.model.Y < -20   pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75   ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif   Endif   Next   End   Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Space) ShootBox () Endif ' Drop boxes... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif   ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) camera_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else camera_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam_piv.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * camera_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam_piv.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * camera_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam_piv.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam_piv.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam_piv.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam_piv.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float, warning:Bool = False) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) If warning canvas.Color = Color.Red Else canvas.Color = Color.White Endif canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End   Method RenderText (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 40.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to fire", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 200.0) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT!   scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderText (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End   Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

This is an update to Sample 2, wall of boxes. (No shooting in this one!)

I found that the original gradually slides apart over around 3-4 minutes (faster if no vsync), due to all boxes being forced to remain active, rather than using the default sleep timer to deactivate them.

I’d done this because if they fell asleep, per the default behaviour, pressing Space would not wake them up again, so instead of rising up they would just sit still, unless hit by another box.

This version uses the default sleep timeout, but now when you hit Space, it wakes all boxes so they can rise up, yet it allows the wall to be much more stable by default.

I’ve also added colour-coding, so that you can see the current physics state. If you do nothing, all boxes will turn orange after a few seconds.

Use Space to ‘boost’ all boxes, or D to drop boxes into the scene. (DropBox now uses a timer to limit number of boxes per second.)

Fun challenge: boost the wall off the top of the screen and try land it again without it all collapsing!

Note for non-native English speakers: “nodding off” means falling asleep! This is the state where Bullet Physics is sampling an object’s movement to see if it should be deactivated.

Example 4: Wall of boxes showing sleep states

Monkey

' Wall of boxes with physics-state colour-coding... #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>" Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d.. Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 12 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 10 Class PhysBox Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public ' -------------------------------------------------------- ' Hacked-in for demo purposes... Const PHYS_SLEEPING:Color = Color.Orange Const PHYS_NODDING_OFF:Color = Color.Yellow Const PHYS_DISABLED:Color = Color.Grey Const PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS:Color = Color.Green Field color:Color Method ChangeColor (color:Color) model.Materials [0] = New PbrMaterial (color) End ' -------------------------------------------------------- ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1) ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material Local materials:Material[] = model.Materials.Resize (model.Materials.Length + 1) materials[materials.Length - 1] = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) model.Materials = materials color = Color.Red Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material) End Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True) collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif ' Don't need init params any more... init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End ' Main Game class... Class Game Extends Window ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 4.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field cam_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox> ' Time between DropBoxes... Field drop_timer:Int ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags) Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (15) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) drop_timer = Millisecs () End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100) ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) cam = New Camera light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75 ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -15) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000 light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... ' cam.PointAt (ground.model) light.PointAt (ground.model) ' Create list of PhysBoxes... boxes = New List <PhysBox> ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int) ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (color)) pb.color = color ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width * 0.5) + 0.5, y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start () ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next End Method DropBox (time_between:Int = 200) If Millisecs () - drop_timer < time_between Return Else drop_timer = Millisecs () Endif ' Drops red boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red)) pb.color = Color.Red pb.Move (0, 25, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End Method BumpBoxes (force:Float = 0.25) ' Wakey-wakey! Boxes may have gone to sleep if left untouched for a few seconds... ' Timing test shows If check to be trivially quicker -- 45 ms with check, 65 ms without, ' for *10,000* checks! (AMD FX 6350 @ 4.2 Ghz) ' For a single iteration, there is therefore no measurable impact in reactivating all ' boxes as needed... ' Local ticks:Int = Millisecs () ' For Local loop:Int = 1 To 10000 For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes If pb.body.btBody.getActivationState () <> bullet.ACTIVE_TAG pb.body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.ACTIVE_TAG) Endif Next ' Next ' Print Millisecs () - ticks ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) Next End Method UpdateBoxes () For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes ' Set colour, dependent on current physics state... Select pb.body.btBody.getActivationState () Case bullet.ACTIVE_TAG pb.ChangeColor (pb.color) Case bullet.ISLAND_SLEEPING pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_SLEEPING) Case bullet.WANTS_DEACTIVATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_NODDING_OFF) Case bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS) Case bullet.DISABLE_SIMULATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_DISABLED) End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... If pb.model.Y < -20 pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75 ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif Endif Next End Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () ' Drop red boxes into scene... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Give all boxes a boost! If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) BumpBoxes () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) cam_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else cam_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float, main_color:Color = Color.White) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = main_color canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End Method RenderGUI (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost camera speed", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost boxes", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes into scene", 20.0, 180.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 220.0) ShadowText (canvas, "KEY:", Window.Width - 120, 20) ShadowText (canvas, "Nodding off...", Window.Width - 120, 40, PhysBox.PHYS_NODDING_OFF) ShadowText (canvas, "Sleeping", Window.Width - 120, 60, PhysBox.PHYS_SLEEPING) ShadowText (canvas, "Never sleeps", Window.Width - 120, 80, PhysBox.PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS) ShadowText (canvas, "Disabled", Window.Width - 120, 100, PhysBox.PHYS_DISABLED) ShadowText (canvas, "Other: Active", Window.Width - 120, 120) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT! scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderGUI (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

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' Wall of boxes with physics-state colour-coding... #Import "<std>" #Import "<mojo>" #Import "<mojo3d>" #Import "<bullet>" Using std.. Using mojo.. Using mojo3d.. Const WALL_WIDTH:Int = 12 Const WALL_HEIGHT:Int = 10   Class PhysBox Private ' PhysParams is used internally to allow creation of box prior to manual placement. ' Entities should not be manually positioned after being attached to a RigidBody. ' Create PhysBox, manually position PhysBox.model, then call PhysBox.Start (). Class InitParams Field mass:Float Field group:Short Field mask:Short Field box:Boxf End ' InitParams are only needed for setup, and freed afterwards, hence not added as separate fields. Field init:InitParams Public   ' -------------------------------------------------------- ' Hacked-in for demo purposes... Const PHYS_SLEEPING:Color = Color.Orange Const PHYS_NODDING_OFF:Color = Color.Yellow Const PHYS_DISABLED:Color = Color.Grey Const PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS:Color = Color.Green   Field color:Color Method ChangeColor (color:Color) model.Materials [0] = New PbrMaterial (color) End ' --------------------------------------------------------   ' Public references... Field model:Model ' mojo3d entity Field collider:BoxCollider ' Bullet physics collider Field body:RigidBody ' Bullet physics body Method New (width:Float = 1, height:Float = 1, depth:Float = 1, mass:Float = 1, material:Material = Null, group:Int = 1, mask:Int = 1) ' Store setup params for PhysBox.Start () init = New InitParams init.mass = mass init.group = group init.mask = mask init.box = New Boxf (-width * 0.5, -height * 0.5, -depth * 0.5, width * 0.5, height * 0.5, depth * 0.5) If Not material   Local materials:Material[] = model.Materials.Resize (model.Materials.Length + 1) materials[materials.Length - 1] = New PbrMaterial (Color.Red) model.Materials = materials color = Color.Red Endif model = Model.CreateBox (init.box, 1, 1, 1, material) End Method Start (sleeps:Bool = True) collider = New BoxCollider (model) body = New RigidBody (model) collider.Box = init.box body.Mass = init.mass body.CollisionGroup = init.group body.CollisionMask = init.mask ' Disables sleeping -- NOT generally desirable outside of demos, as most bodies should settle... ' Recommended only for player-controlled bodies in general! If Not sleeps body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION) Endif ' Don't need init params any more... init = Null End Method Move (x:Float, y:Float, z:Float) model.Move (x, y, z) End Method Rotate (pitch:Float, roll:Float, yaw:Float, localspace:Bool = False) model.Rotate (pitch, roll, yaw, localspace) End End ' Main Game class... Class Game Extends Window ' Er, camera speed logic is a bit weird/unnecessary... Const CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL:Float = 0.05 ' Normal camera movement Const CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST:Float = 4.0 ' Camera boost with Shift key Field cam_speed:Float = 1.0 ' Camera forward speed ' 3D scene references... Field scene:Scene Field cam:Camera Field light:Light ' Physics box representing ground... Field ground:PhysBox ' List of PhysBoxes... Field boxes:List <PhysBox> ' Time between DropBoxes... Field drop_timer:Int ' App init/scene creation... Method New (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags) Super.New (title, width, height, flags) ' Create window SeedRnd (Millisecs ()) ' Init random seed SwapInterval = 1 ' V-sync on CreateScene (15) ' WAAAAAAAHHH! (Parameter = ground size.) drop_timer = Millisecs () End Method CreateScene:Void (ground_size:Float = 100) ' Set up 3D scene stuff... scene = Scene.GetCurrent () ground = New PhysBox (ground_size, 1, ground_size, 0, New PbrMaterial (Color.Green * 0.25)) cam = New Camera light = New Light scene.AmbientLight = Color.White * 0.75 scene.ClearColor = Color.Sky * 0.75 ' Camera setup... cam.FOV = 100 cam.Move (0, 5, -15) cam.Near = 0.01 cam.Far = 1000 ' Light setup... light.CastsShadow = True light.Range = 1000 light.Move (0, 20, 10) ' Point things at ground centre... ' cam.PointAt (ground.model) light.PointAt (ground.model) ' Create list of PhysBoxes... boxes = New List <PhysBox> ' Build wall of PhysBoxes... BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) ' Start ground physics... ground.Start () End Method BuildWall (width:Int, height:Int) ' Creates bunch of PhysBoxes and adds to internal list (boxes)... For Local y:Int = 0 Until height For Local x:Int = 0 Until width Local color:Color = New Color (Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0), Rnd (0.4, 1.0)) ' Create new PhysBox... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (color))   pb.color = color ' Position PhysBox... pb.Move (x - (width * 0.5) + 0.5, y + 1, 0) ' Add to list... boxes.Add (pb) ' Start its physics... pb.Start () ' False = RigidBody doesn't sleep at rest Next Next End Method DropBox (time_between:Int = 200) If Millisecs () - drop_timer < time_between Return Else drop_timer = Millisecs () Endif ' Drops red boxes into scene... Local pb:PhysBox = New PhysBox (1, 1, 1, 1, New PbrMaterial (Color.Red)) pb.color = Color.Red pb.Move (0, 25, 0) boxes.Add (pb) pb.Start () End Method BumpBoxes (force:Float = 0.25) ' Wakey-wakey! Boxes may have gone to sleep if left untouched for a few seconds... ' Timing test shows If check to be trivially quicker -- 45 ms with check, 65 ms without, ' for *10,000* checks! (AMD FX 6350 @ 4.2 Ghz) ' For a single iteration, there is therefore no measurable impact in reactivating all ' boxes as needed... ' Local ticks:Int = Millisecs () ' For Local loop:Int = 1 To 10000   For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes If pb.body.btBody.getActivationState () <> bullet.ACTIVE_TAG pb.body.btBody.setActivationState (bullet.ACTIVE_TAG) Endif Next   ' Next ' Print Millisecs () - ticks ' Apply force to all boxes in list... Local vec:Vec3f = New Vec3f (0.0, force, 0.0) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.body.ApplyImpulse (vec) Next End Method UpdateBoxes () For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes ' Set colour, dependent on current physics state... Select pb.body.btBody.getActivationState ()   Case bullet.ACTIVE_TAG pb.ChangeColor (pb.color) Case bullet.ISLAND_SLEEPING pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_SLEEPING) Case bullet.WANTS_DEACTIVATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_NODDING_OFF) Case bullet.DISABLE_DEACTIVATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS) Case bullet.DISABLE_SIMULATION pb.ChangeColor (PhysBox.PHYS_DISABLED)   End ' Checks if out of range (Y lower than -20); if so, scales down, and when box is ' eventually small enough, deletes it. Increase Scale multiplier (0.75) to remove more ' slowly (0.0 to 0.999)... If pb.model.Y < -20 pb.model.Scale = pb.model.Scale * 0.75 ' Remove when too small... If pb.model.Scale.x < 0.01 pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Endif Endif Next End Method UpdateGame () ' Check box position/remove if too far down... UpdateBoxes () ' Drop red boxes into scene... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.D) DropBox () Endif ' Give all boxes a boost! If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Space) BumpBoxes () Endif ' Quit... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.Escape) App.Terminate () Endif ' Shadows on/off... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.S) light.CastsShadow = Not light.CastsShadow Endif ' Rebuild wall... If Keyboard.KeyHit (Key.R) For Local pb:PhysBox = Eachin boxes pb.model.Destroy () boxes.Remove (pb) Next BuildWall (WALL_WIDTH, WALL_HEIGHT) Endif ' Speed booster... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.LeftShift) cam_speed = CAMERA_SPEED_BOOST Else cam_speed = 1.0 Endif ' Forward... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.A) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Back... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Z) cam.Move (0.0, 0.0, -CAMERA_SPEED_NORMAL * cam_speed) Endif ' Rotation... If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Left) cam.Rotate (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Right) cam.Rotate (0.0, -1.0, 0.0) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Up) cam.Rotate (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif If Keyboard.KeyDown (Key.Down) cam.Rotate (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, True) Endif End ' Helper... Method ShadowText:Void (canvas:Canvas, s:String, x:Float, y:Float, main_color:Color = Color.White) canvas.Color = Color.Black canvas.DrawText (s, x + 1, y + 1) canvas.Color = main_color canvas.DrawText (s, x, y) End Method RenderGUI (canvas:Canvas) ShadowText (canvas, "FPS: " + App.FPS, 20.0, 20.0) ShadowText (canvas, "A/Z + Cursors to move camera", 20.0, 60.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SHIFT to boost camera speed", 20.0, 80.0) ShadowText (canvas, "R to rebuild wall", 20.0, 120.0) ShadowText (canvas, "S to toggle shadows", 20.0, 140.0) ShadowText (canvas, "SPACE to boost boxes", 20.0, 160.0) ShadowText (canvas, "D to drop more boxes into scene", 20.0, 180.0) ShadowText (canvas, "Boxes: " + boxes.Count (), 20.0, 220.0) ShadowText (canvas, "KEY:", Window.Width - 120, 20) ShadowText (canvas, "Nodding off...", Window.Width - 120, 40, PhysBox.PHYS_NODDING_OFF) ShadowText (canvas, "Sleeping", Window.Width - 120, 60, PhysBox.PHYS_SLEEPING) ShadowText (canvas, "Never sleeps", Window.Width - 120, 80, PhysBox.PHYS_NEVER_SLEEPS) ShadowText (canvas, "Disabled", Window.Width - 120, 100, PhysBox.PHYS_DISABLED) ShadowText (canvas, "Other: Active", Window.Width - 120, 120) End Method OnRender (canvas:Canvas) Override UpdateGame () ' Process controls/game world RequestRender () ' Ask window to render itself scene.Update () ' Update scene AND PHYSICS; IMPORTANT! scene.Render (canvas) ' Render scene RenderGUI (canvas) ' Add text End End Function Run3D (title:String, width:Int, height:Int, flags:WindowFlags = WindowFlags.Center) New AppInstance New Game (title, width, height, flags) App.Run () End Function Main () Run3D ("3D Scene", 960, 540, WindowFlags.Center) ' 1/4 HD! ' Run3D ("3D Scene", 1920, 1080, WindowFlags.Fullscreen) End

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

These won’t work with latest Github ‘develop’ branch — however, the only change needed should be in OnRender:

From…

scene.Render (canvas, cam)

To…

cam.Render (canvas)

Optionally, in Example 3, you can delete the whole Class Entity Extension and replace…

pb.model.RemoveParent ()

… with:

pb.model.Parent = Null

I’ll update the samples here once the itch.io release includes these changes.

[DruggedBunnyParticipant]

Updated all samples to work with latest Patreon subscriber release/latest Github develop branch.

[Author]

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